Which behaviour change techniques are effective to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour in adults: a factorial randomized trial of an e- and m-health intervention.
Identifieur interne : 000058 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000057; suivant : 000059Which behaviour change techniques are effective to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour in adults: a factorial randomized trial of an e- and m-health intervention.
Auteurs : Helene Schroé [Belgique] ; Delfien Van Dyck [Belgique] ; Annick De Paepe [Belgique] ; Louise Poppe [Belgique] ; Wen Wei Loh [Belgique] ; Maïté Verloigne [Belgique] ; Tom Loeys [Belgique] ; Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij [Belgique] ; Geert Crombez [Belgique]Source :
- The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity [ 1479-5868 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
E- and m-health interventions are promising to change health behaviour. Many of these interventions use a large variety of behaviour change techniques (BCTs), but it's not known which BCTs or which combination of BCTs contribute to their efficacy. Therefore, this experimental study investigated the efficacy of three BCTs (i.e. action planning, coping planning and self-monitoring) and their combinations on physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) against a background set of other BCTs.
METHODS
In a 2 (action planning: present vs absent) × 2 (coping planning: present vs absent) × 2 (self-monitoring: present vs absent) factorial trial, 473 adults from the general population used the self-regulation based e- and m-health intervention 'MyPlan2.0' for five weeks. All combinations of BCTs were considered, resulting in eight groups. Participants selected their preferred target behaviour, either PA (n = 335, age = 35.8, 28.1% men) or SB (n = 138, age = 37.8, 37.7% men), and were then randomly allocated to the experimental groups. Levels of PA (MVPA in minutes/week) or SB (total sedentary time in hours/day) were assessed at baseline and post-intervention using self-reported questionnaires. Linear mixed-effect models were fitted to assess the impact of the different combinations of the BCTs on PA and SB.
RESULTS
First, overall efficacy of each BCT was examined. The delivery of self-monitoring increased PA (t = 2.735, p = 0.007) and reduced SB (t = - 2.573, p = 0.012) compared with no delivery of self-monitoring. Also, the delivery of coping planning increased PA (t = 2.302, p = 0.022) compared with no delivery of coping planning. Second, we investigated to what extent adding BCTs increased efficacy. Using the combination of the three BCTs was most effective to increase PA (x
CONCLUSIONS
This study provides indications that different (combinations of) BCTs may be effective to promote PA and reduce SB. More experimental research to investigate the effectiveness of BCTs is needed, which can contribute to improved design and more effective e- and m-health interventions in the future.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
This study was preregistered as a clinical trial (ID number: NCT03274271 ). Release date: 20 October 2017.
DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-01001-x
PubMed: 33028335
PubMed Central: PMC7539442
Affiliations:
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type="city">Gand</settlement><region>Région flamande</region><region type="district" nuts="2">Province de Flandre-Orientale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Verloigne, Maite" sort="Verloigne, Maite" uniqKey="Verloigne M" first="Maïté" last="Verloigne">Maïté Verloigne</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Gand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Gand</settlement><region>Région flamande</region><region type="district" nuts="2">Province de Flandre-Orientale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Loeys, Tom" sort="Loeys, Tom" uniqKey="Loeys T" first="Tom" last="Loeys">Tom Loeys</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Data Analysis, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Data Analysis, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Gand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Gand</settlement><region>Région flamande</region><region type="district" nuts="2">Province de Flandre-Orientale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Bourdeaudhuij, Ilse" sort="De Bourdeaudhuij, Ilse" uniqKey="De Bourdeaudhuij I" first="Ilse" last="De Bourdeaudhuij">Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Research Group Physical Activity and Health, Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Group Physical Activity and Health, Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Ghent</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Gand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Gand</settlement><region>Région flamande</region><region type="district" nuts="2">Province de Flandre-Orientale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crombez, Geert" sort="Crombez, Geert" uniqKey="Crombez G" first="Geert" last="Crombez">Geert Crombez</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Ghent Health Psychology Lab, Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Ghent Health Psychology Lab, Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, Ghent, 9000</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="province" nuts="2">Province de Flandre-Orientale</region><settlement type="city">Gand</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Gand</orgName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:33028335</idno><idno type="pmid">33028335</idno><idno type="doi">10.1186/s12966-020-01001-x</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7539442</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000074</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000074</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000074</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000074</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000074</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Which behaviour change techniques are effective to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour in adults: a factorial randomized trial of an e- and m-health intervention.</title><author><name sortKey="Schroe, Helene" sort="Schroe, Helene" uniqKey="Schroe H" first="Helene" last="Schroé">Helene Schroé</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Ghent Health Psychology Lab, Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, Ghent, 9000, Belgium. helene.schroe@ugent.be.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Ghent Health Psychology Lab, Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, Ghent, 9000</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="province" nuts="2">Province de Flandre-Orientale</region><settlement type="city">Gand</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Gand</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Research Group Physical Activity and Health, Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium. helene.schroe@ugent.be.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Group Physical Activity and Health, Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Ghent</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Gand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Gand</settlement><region>Région flamande</region><region type="district" nuts="2">Province de Flandre-Orientale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Dyck, Delfien" sort="Van Dyck, Delfien" uniqKey="Van Dyck D" first="Delfien" last="Van Dyck">Delfien Van Dyck</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Research Group Physical Activity and Health, Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Group Physical Activity and Health, Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Ghent</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Gand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Gand</settlement><region>Région flamande</region><region type="district" nuts="2">Province de Flandre-Orientale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Paepe, Annick" sort="De Paepe, Annick" uniqKey="De Paepe A" first="Annick" last="De Paepe">Annick De Paepe</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Ghent Health Psychology Lab, Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Ghent Health Psychology Lab, Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, Ghent, 9000</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="province" nuts="2">Province de Flandre-Orientale</region><settlement type="city">Gand</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Gand</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Poppe, Louise" sort="Poppe, Louise" uniqKey="Poppe L" first="Louise" last="Poppe">Louise Poppe</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Gand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Gand</settlement><region>Région flamande</region><region type="district" nuts="2">Province de Flandre-Orientale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Loh, Wen Wei" sort="Loh, Wen Wei" uniqKey="Loh W" first="Wen Wei" last="Loh">Wen Wei Loh</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Data Analysis, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Data Analysis, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Gand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Gand</settlement><region>Région flamande</region><region type="district" nuts="2">Province de Flandre-Orientale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Verloigne, Maite" sort="Verloigne, Maite" uniqKey="Verloigne M" first="Maïté" last="Verloigne">Maïté Verloigne</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Gand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Gand</settlement><region>Région flamande</region><region type="district" nuts="2">Province de Flandre-Orientale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Loeys, Tom" sort="Loeys, Tom" uniqKey="Loeys T" first="Tom" last="Loeys">Tom Loeys</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Data Analysis, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Data Analysis, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Gand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Gand</settlement><region>Région flamande</region><region type="district" nuts="2">Province de Flandre-Orientale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Bourdeaudhuij, Ilse" sort="De Bourdeaudhuij, Ilse" uniqKey="De Bourdeaudhuij I" first="Ilse" last="De Bourdeaudhuij">Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Research Group Physical Activity and Health, Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Group Physical Activity and Health, Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Ghent</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Gand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Gand</settlement><region>Région flamande</region><region type="district" nuts="2">Province de Flandre-Orientale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crombez, Geert" sort="Crombez, Geert" uniqKey="Crombez G" first="Geert" last="Crombez">Geert Crombez</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Ghent Health Psychology Lab, Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Ghent Health Psychology Lab, Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, Ghent, 9000</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="province" nuts="2">Province de Flandre-Orientale</region><settlement type="city">Gand</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Gand</orgName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity</title><idno type="eISSN">1479-5868</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b></p><p>E- and m-health interventions are promising to change health behaviour. Many of these interventions use a large variety of behaviour change techniques (BCTs), but it's not known which BCTs or which combination of BCTs contribute to their efficacy. Therefore, this experimental study investigated the efficacy of three BCTs (i.e. action planning, coping planning and self-monitoring) and their combinations on physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) against a background set of other BCTs.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b></p><p>In a 2 (action planning: present vs absent) × 2 (coping planning: present vs absent) × 2 (self-monitoring: present vs absent) factorial trial, 473 adults from the general population used the self-regulation based e- and m-health intervention 'MyPlan2.0' for five weeks. All combinations of BCTs were considered, resulting in eight groups. Participants selected their preferred target behaviour, either PA (n = 335, age = 35.8, 28.1% men) or SB (n = 138, age = 37.8, 37.7% men), and were then randomly allocated to the experimental groups. Levels of PA (MVPA in minutes/week) or SB (total sedentary time in hours/day) were assessed at baseline and post-intervention using self-reported questionnaires. Linear mixed-effect models were fitted to assess the impact of the different combinations of the BCTs on PA and SB.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>First, overall efficacy of each BCT was examined. The delivery of self-monitoring increased PA (t = 2.735, p = 0.007) and reduced SB (t = - 2.573, p = 0.012) compared with no delivery of self-monitoring. Also, the delivery of coping planning increased PA (t = 2.302, p = 0.022) compared with no delivery of coping planning. Second, we investigated to what extent adding BCTs increased efficacy. Using the combination of the three BCTs was most effective to increase PA (x</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b></p><p>This study provides indications that different (combinations of) BCTs may be effective to promote PA and reduce SB. More experimental research to investigate the effectiveness of BCTs is needed, which can contribute to improved design and more effective e- and m-health interventions in the future.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>TRIAL REGISTRATION</b></p><p>This study was preregistered as a clinical trial (ID number: NCT03274271 ). Release date: 20 October 2017.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="In-Process" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">33028335</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>24</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1479-5868</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>17</Volume><Issue>1</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>07</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Which behaviour change techniques are effective to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour in adults: a factorial randomized trial of an e- and m-health intervention.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>127</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1186/s12966-020-01001-x</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND">E- and m-health interventions are promising to change health behaviour. Many of these interventions use a large variety of behaviour change techniques (BCTs), but it's not known which BCTs or which combination of BCTs contribute to their efficacy. Therefore, this experimental study investigated the efficacy of three BCTs (i.e. action planning, coping planning and self-monitoring) and their combinations on physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) against a background set of other BCTs.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS">In a 2 (action planning: present vs absent) × 2 (coping planning: present vs absent) × 2 (self-monitoring: present vs absent) factorial trial, 473 adults from the general population used the self-regulation based e- and m-health intervention 'MyPlan2.0' for five weeks. All combinations of BCTs were considered, resulting in eight groups. Participants selected their preferred target behaviour, either PA (n = 335, age = 35.8, 28.1% men) or SB (n = 138, age = 37.8, 37.7% men), and were then randomly allocated to the experimental groups. Levels of PA (MVPA in minutes/week) or SB (total sedentary time in hours/day) were assessed at baseline and post-intervention using self-reported questionnaires. Linear mixed-effect models were fitted to assess the impact of the different combinations of the BCTs on PA and SB.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS">First, overall efficacy of each BCT was examined. The delivery of self-monitoring increased PA (t = 2.735, p = 0.007) and reduced SB (t = - 2.573, p = 0.012) compared with no delivery of self-monitoring. Also, the delivery of coping planning increased PA (t = 2.302, p = 0.022) compared with no delivery of coping planning. Second, we investigated to what extent adding BCTs increased efficacy. Using the combination of the three BCTs was most effective to increase PA (x<sup>2</sup> = 8849, p = 0.003) whereas the combination of action planning and self-monitoring was most effective to decrease SB (x<sup>2</sup> = 3.918, p = 0.048). To increase PA, action planning was always more effective in combination with coping planning (x<sup>2</sup> = 5.590, p = 0.014; x<sup>2</sup> = 17.722, p < 0.001; x<sup>2</sup> = 4.552, p = 0.033) compared with using action planning without coping planning. Of note, the use of action planning alone reduced PA compared with using coping planning alone (x<sup>2</sup> = 4.389, p = 0.031) and self-monitoring alone (x<sup>2</sup> = 8.858, p = 003), respectively.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS">This study provides indications that different (combinations of) BCTs may be effective to promote PA and reduce SB. More experimental research to investigate the effectiveness of BCTs is needed, which can contribute to improved design and more effective e- and m-health interventions in the future.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="TRIAL REGISTRATION">This study was preregistered as a clinical trial (ID number: NCT03274271 ). Release date: 20 October 2017.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schroé</LastName><ForeName>Helene</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-8473-552X</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ghent Health Psychology Lab, Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, Ghent, 9000, Belgium. helene.schroe@ugent.be.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research Group Physical Activity and Health, Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium. helene.schroe@ugent.be.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Van Dyck</LastName><ForeName>Delfien</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research Group Physical Activity and Health, Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>De Paepe</LastName><ForeName>Annick</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ghent Health Psychology Lab, Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Poppe</LastName><ForeName>Louise</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Loh</LastName><ForeName>Wen Wei</ForeName><Initials>WW</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Data Analysis, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Verloigne</LastName><ForeName>Maïté</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Loeys</LastName><ForeName>Tom</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Data Analysis, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>De Bourdeaudhuij</LastName><ForeName>Ilse</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research Group Physical Activity and Health, Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Crombez</LastName><ForeName>Geert</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ghent Health Psychology Lab, Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><DataBankList CompleteYN="Y"><DataBank><DataBankName>ClinicalTrials.gov</DataBankName><AccessionNumberList><AccessionNumber>NCT03274271</AccessionNumber></AccessionNumberList></DataBank></DataBankList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>07</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Int J Behav Nutr Phys 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